Phlebotomists draw blood for purposes such as tests, research, or donations. They help patients or donors who are anxious before or have an adverse reaction after the blood draw.
Phlebotomists typically do the following:
Phlebotomists primarily draw blood, which is then used for different kinds of medical laboratory testing or for procedures, such as transfusions. In medical and diagnostic laboratories, patients sometimes interact only with the phlebotomist. In donation centers or locations that have blood drives, phlebotomists draw blood from donors. Because all blood looks the same, phlebotomists must carefully identify and label the blood they have collected and enter the information into a database.
In addition to drawing blood, phlebotomists also may collect urine or other samples. They instruct patients on procedures for proper collection and ensure that the sample is acceptable and clearly labeled in its container.
Phlebotomists must keep their work area and instruments clean and sanitary to avoid causing infections or other complications. Some phlebotomists also ship or transport blood or other samples to different locations.
Phlebotomists held about 135,500 jobs in 2021. The largest employers of phlebotomists were as follows:
| Hospitals; state, local, and private | 36% |
| Medical and diagnostic laboratories | 35 |
| All other ambulatory healthcare services | 14 |
| Offices of physicians | 8 |
| Outpatient care centers | 1 |
Phlebotomists who collect blood donations sometimes travel to different offices or sites in order to set up mobile donation centers. Some phlebotomists travel to long-term care centers or patients’ homes.
Phlebotomists may be required to stand for long periods of time.
Phlebotomists must be careful when handling blood, needles, and other medical supplies. Injuries may occur if they are not careful with medical equipment.
Most phlebotomists work full time. Phlebotomists who work in hospitals and labs may need to work nights, weekends, and holidays.
Phlebotomists typically enter the occupation with a certificate from a postsecondary phlebotomy program, but some qualify with a high school diploma and on-the-job training. Employers may prefer to hire candidates who have earned professional certification.
Phlebotomists typically enter the occupation with a postsecondary nondegree award from a phlebotomy program. These programs are available from community colleges, vocational schools, or technical schools and usually take less than 1 year to complete. They involve instruction in anatomy, physiology, and medical terminology and laboratory work and lead to a certificate.
The National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS) and the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) are among the organizations that accredit phlebotomy education programs.
Some employers hire candidates with a high school diploma and train them on the job. Whether through formal education or employer-provided training, the training that all phlebotomists receive includes instruction on how to identify, label, and track blood samples.
States may require that phlebotomists complete an accredited training program, have a license or certification, or meet other requirements. For specific requirements, contact your state licensing agency.
Some employers prefer to hire phlebotomists who have earned professional certification, such as those offered by professional organizations. Requirements vary by organization but may include education and clinical experience, passing an exam, and practical components, such as drawing blood.
Phlebotomists also may need to have Basic Life Support certification. Those who transport samples may need a driver’s license.
Communication skills. Phlebotomists must be able to clearly explain procedures and provide instruction to patients.
Compassion. Some patients become anxious about having blood drawn, so phlebotomists should be considerate in performing their duties.
Detail oriented. Phlebotomists must draw the correct amount of blood for the tests ordered, carefully label the vials collected, and enter information into a database to avoid misplacing samples or injuring patients.
Dexterity. Phlebotomists must be able to use their equipment efficiently to minimize patients’ discomfort.
Interpersonal skills. Phlebotomists work with other members of the medical staff and must interact with them cooperatively.
Physical stamina. Phlebotomists stand for long periods and are often on the move throughout the workday.
Median annual wages, May 2021
The median annual wage for phlebotomists was $37,380 in May 2021. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $28,990, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $48,490.
In May 2021, the median annual wages for phlebotomists in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:
| Outpatient care centers | $38,220 |
| Medical and diagnostic laboratories | 38,040 |
| Hospitals; state, local, and private | 36,980 |
| Offices of physicians | 36,410 |
| All other ambulatory healthcare services | 35,360 |
Most phlebotomists work full time. Phlebotomists who work in hospitals and labs may need to work nights, weekends, and holidays.
Percent change in employment, projected 2021-31
Employment of phlebotomists is projected to grow 10 percent from 2021 to 2031, faster than the average for all occupations.
About 21,500 openings for phlebotomists are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.
The growing population, with its rising share of older people, will continue to increase demand for medical services, including blood testing.
Blood analysis remains an essential part of medical care, as it is used to check for a wide range of issues. Therefore, demand for phlebotomists will remain high as doctors and other healthcare professionals require bloodwork for analysis and diagnosis.
| Occupational Title | SOC Code | Employment, 2021 | Projected Employment, 2031 | Change, 2021-31 | Employment by Industry | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percent | Numeric | ||||||
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections program |
|||||||
Phlebotomists |
31-9097 | 135,500 | 149,400 | 10 | 13,900 | Get data | |
For more information about phlebotomy careers, including professional certification, visit
American Medical Technologists (AMT)
American Society of Phlebotomy Technicians, Inc.
American Society for Clinical Pathology
National Center for Competency Testing
National Certification Medical Association
National Healthcareer Association
National Phlebotomy Association
National Phlebotomy Certification Examination
For a career video on phlebotomists, visit