Web developers create and maintain websites. They are also responsible for the site’s technical aspects, such as its performance and capacity, which are measures of a website’s speed and how much traffic the site can handle. In addition, web developers may create content for the site. Digital designers develop, create, and test website or interface layout, functions, and navigation for usability. They are responsible for the look and functionality of the website or interface.
Web developers and digital designers typically do the following:
When creating a website, developers and designers have to make their client’s vision a reality. They build particular types of websites, such as ecommerce, news, or gaming sites, to fit clients’ needs. Different types of websites require different applications. For example, a gaming site should be able to handle advanced graphics, whereas an ecommerce site would need a payment-processing application. The developer decides which applications and designs will best fit the site, and the designer focuses on the look and usability of these elements across browsers or devices.
Some developers and designers handle all aspects of a website’s construction, and others specialize in a certain aspect of it. The following are examples of types of specialized web developers or digital designers:
Back-end web developers are responsible for the overall technical construction of the website. They create the basic framework of the site and ensure that it functions as expected. Back-end web developers also establish procedures for allowing others to add new pages to the website and meet with management to discuss major changes to the site.
Front-end web developers create the technical features for a website’s look. They develop the site’s layout and integrate graphics, applications (such as a retail checkout tool), and other content. They also write webdesign programs in a variety of computer languages, such as HTML or JavaScript.
Web and digital interface designers are responsible for creating the look and feel of a website or interface with regard to photos, color, font type and size, graphics, and layout. They also are responsible for the functionality, usability, and compatibility of the website or interface.
Webmasters maintain and update websites. They ensure that websites operate correctly, and they test for errors such as broken links. Many webmasters respond to user comments as well.
Web and digital interface designers held about 101,800 jobs in 2021. The largest employers of web and digital interface designers were as follows:
| Computer systems design and related services | 16% |
| Software publishers | 13 |
| Retail trade | 5 |
| Finance and insurance | 5 |
| Advertising, public relations, and related services | 4 |
Web developers held about 95,300 jobs in 2021. The largest employers of web developers were as follows:
| Computer systems design and related services | 19% |
| Educational services; state, local, and private | 8 |
| Other information services | 6 |
| Advertising, public relations, and related services | 6 |
| Self-employed workers | 6 |
Most web developers and digital designers work full time.
Educational requirements vary for web developers and digital designers, based on work setting and other factors.
Educational requirements for web developers and digital designers range from a high school diploma to a bachelor’s degree.
Some employers prefer to hire web developer candidates who have a bachelor’s degree in a specific field, such as computer science or programming.
Web developers need to have a thorough understanding of HTML programming. Many employers also want developers to understand other programming languages, such as JavaScript or SQL, and have knowledge of multimedia publishing tools, such as Flash. Throughout their career, web developers must keep up to date on new tools and computer languages.
Employers of digital designers may prefer to hire candidates who have a bachelor’s degree in a field such as web design, digital design, or graphic arts.
Web developers and digital designers may not need specific education credentials if they can demonstrate their abilities through prior work experience or projects.
Web developers and digital designers who have a bachelor’s degree may advance to become project managers. For more information, see the profile on computer and information systems managers.
Communication skills. Web developers and digital designers need to communicate effectively with coworkers to coordinate work on projects.
Creativity. Web developers and digital designers often are involved in creating the appearance of a website and must make sure that it is appealing as well as functional.
Customer-service skills. Webmasters have to respond politely to user questions and requests.
Detail oriented. Web developers and digital designers must focus for long periods and write code precisely, because a minor error could cause an entire webpage to stop working.
Problem-solving skills. Web developers and digital designers must check for coding errors and fix any that they find.
Median annual wages, May 2021
The median annual wage for web and digital interface designers was $79,890 in May 2021. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $38,550, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $168,200.
The median annual wage for web developers was $77,030 in May 2021. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $38,280, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $129,760.
In May 2021, the median annual wages for web and digital interface designers in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:
| Software publishers | $150,040 |
| Finance and insurance | 99,640 |
| Computer systems design and related services | 80,110 |
| Advertising, public relations, and related services | 64,720 |
| Retail trade | 61,860 |
In May 2021, the median annual wages for web developers in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:
| Computer systems design and related services | $77,450 |
| Other information services | 77,210 |
| Educational services; state, local, and private | 64,380 |
| Advertising, public relations, and related services | 63,240 |
Most web developers and digital designers work full time.
Percent change in employment, projected 2021-31
Overall employment of web developers and digital designers is projected to grow 23 percent from 2021 to 2031, much faster than the average for all occupations.
About 21,800 openings for web developers and digital designers are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.
Employment of web developers and digital designers is projected to grow as e-commerce continues to expand. As retail firms keep increasing their online offerings, demand for these workers is expected to grow. In addition, the continued use of mobile devices to search the web is expected to generate demand for web developers and digital designers to create websites and interfaces that work on mobile devices with many different screen sizes.
| Occupational Title | SOC Code | Employment, 2021 | Projected Employment, 2031 | Change, 2021-31 | Employment by Industry | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percent | Numeric | ||||||
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections program |
|||||||
Web developers and digital designers |
— | 197,100 | 242,500 | 23 | 45,400 | — | |
Web developers |
15-1254 | 95,300 | 124,100 | 30 | 28,900 | Get data | |
Web and digital interface designers |
15-1255 | 101,800 | 118,400 | 16 | 16,600 | Get data | |
For more information about web developers and digital designers, visit
World Organization of Webmasters
For more information about computer careers, visit
Association for Computing Machinery
Computing Research Association
For information about opportunities for women pursuing information technology careers, visit
National Center for Women & Information Technology
For a career video on web developers, visit